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CNC machining programming of parts based on MasterCAM

February 09, 2023

1 Introduction

With the development of the modern machinery industry, computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have shown great potential and are widely used in product design and mechanical manufacturing. The NC program code generated by CAD/CAM system can be used. Instead of traditional manual programming, CAD/CAM is used to design and manufacture parts, which enables enterprises to improve design quality, shorten production cycle and reduce product cost, thus achieving good economic benefits.
MasterCAM software is a PC/CAD-based CAD/CAM system developed by CNC Software of the United States. Because of its low hardware requirements, flexible operation, easy to learn and use, and good price-performance ratio, MasterCAM software is well received by enterprise users and engineers. The technicians are widely used in the fields of machining, mold making, automotive industry and aerospace industry. They have two-dimensional geometric design, three-dimensional surface design, tool path simulation, and physical simulation. They also provide friendly man-machines. Interaction, thus achieving CAD/CAM integration from the geometric design of the product to the manufacturing. It is one of the most widely used CAD/CAM software in the world.

2 Function and application of MasterCAM software

MasterCAM is a powerful CAD/CAM software consisting of CAD and CAM. It is divided into four functional modules: Design, Mill, Lathe and Wire. Integrating design and manufacturing, through processing analysis of the designed parts, drawing geometric figures and modeling, obtaining tool paths with reasonable machining steps, generating CNC machining instruction codes through post-processing of the program, inputting to CNC The machine can be processed.
The following uses the example to introduce the use of the software MasterCAM software in the automatic programming of CNC machining.

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    Figure 1 machined parts drawing

  1. Process analysis of parts
  2. Figure 1 shows the processed parts drawing. Before using the MasterCAM software to automatically program the parts for NC machining, firstly, the machining process analysis of the parts is carried out to determine a reasonable machining sequence, while ensuring the surface roughness and machining accuracy of the parts. It is necessary to minimize the number of tool changes, improve the processing efficiency, and fully consider the shape, size and machining accuracy of the parts, as well as the rigidity and deformation of the parts, so as to finish the roughing and then finish the machining; ; Machining other surfaces after machining the datum.
    The parts shown in Figure 1 can be finished by turning. The knives used are external turning tools, 5mm wide grooving knives and external thread turning tools. The process flow of the part on the CNC lathe is: contour machining, grooving machining, thread cutting and final cutting.
    If the part is programmed with a cycle command, the program includes the following parts: 1) the coordinate system and the specified program of the machining process parameters; 2) the roughing and finishing process of the contour cycle; 3) the grooving cycle machining program; 4) the thread Cyclic machining program; 5) Final truncation machining program.
  3. 2.2 Geometric modeling of parts
    The geometric model of the part is built to realize the basis of CNC machining. Any one of the four modules of MasterCAM has the function of 2D or 3D design and has strong (CAD) drawing function. You can use the Design module to model, or you can use the Mill module, Lathe module and Wire module to directly model according to the processing requirements. At the same time, because of the many data conversion files set in the software system, various types of graphic files such as AutoCAD, CADKEY can be used. Graphics on software such as Mi-CAD are converted to use on the MasterCAM system.
    When modeling the part, it is not necessary to draw the model of the whole part. It is only necessary to draw the outline of the machined part. The machining size, geometrical tolerance and fit tolerance can be omitted, which saves modeling time. , can meet the needs of CNC machining; when modeling, should be drawn according to the actual size of the part to ensure the correctness of the calculated tool path coordinates; and different processing steps can be drawn in different layers, With the function of the layer in MasterCAM, when determining the tool path, it is called or hidden to select the contour required for machining. The parts processed in Figure 1 do not need to draw all the parts in the process of modeling and drawing. Just draw the outline of the part, as shown by the thick line in Figure 2.

    1
    Figure 2 Outline drawing to be drawn

  4. Part machining tool path determination
    After the part is modeled, according to the arrangement of the machining process, select the tool used in the corresponding process, select the machining blank according to the requirements of the part, and correctly select the workpiece coordinate origin, establish the workpiece coordinate system, and determine the relative relationship between the workpiece coordinate system and the machine coordinate system. Dimensions, and various process parameters are set to obtain the tool path for part machining. The MasterCAM system generates the corresponding toolpath process data file NCI, which contains all the set tool motion trajectories and machining information.
    The parts shown in Figure 1 can be set by Mastercam Lathe for various process parameters to obtain the tool path for part machining.
  5. Simulated CNC machining of parts
    After the tool machining path is set, the machining simulation function provided by the MasterCAM system can be used to observe the cutting process. It can be used to check whether the setting of the process parameters is reasonable, whether there is interference in the actual machining of the CNC, and whether the operation of the device is correct. Whether the actual part meets the design requirements. At the same time, in the NC simulation processing, the system will give a report on the machining process. This can eliminate the trial cutting process in actual production, which can reduce material consumption and improve production efficiency.
  6. Generate NC instruction code and program transmission
    By computer simulation of CNC machining and confirming that it meets the actual machining requirements, MasterCAM's post-processing program can be used to generate NCI files or NC code. The MasterCAM system itself provides more than one hundred post-processing PST programs. For different CNC equipment, the CNC system may not be the same, and the selected post-processing program will be different. For the specific numerical control equipment, the corresponding post-processing program should be selected. After the NC control code generated by the post-processing is properly modified, if it can meet the requirements of the numerical control equipment used, it can be output to the numerical control equipment for CNC machining.

3 Conclusion

Using MasterCAM software, it is easy to establish the geometric model of the part, quickly generate NC code automatically, shorten the programming time of the programmer, especially the NC program of complex parts, which can greatly improve the correctness and safety of the program, reduce the production cost and improve Work efficiency.
Kontal AS

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Ms. Wendy

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+8618158277572

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Kontal AS

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+8618158277572

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